Table 2 Detail of past infections in period of 6 months, use of antimicrobials, about the current episode including treatment and inward investigation profile and follow up for next 18 months in patients with UTI

Past clinical history (6 months)-conditions to seek antimicrobial medications

 UTI

56 (50.1)

34 (59.6)

24 (45.1)

p = 0.03

 ARTI

66 (0.6)

45 (78.9)

30 (56.6)

p = 0.03

 AGE

32 (29.1)

14 (24.6)

14 (26.4)

–

 Infection in CNS

4 (3.6)

6 (10.5)

12 (22.6)

–

 IE

–

1 (1.7)

2 (3.7)

–

 Abscess

12 (10.9)

10 (17.5)

12 (22.6)

–

 Accidental wounds

3 (2.7)

12 (21)

23 (43.3)

p = 0.02

 Use of antimicrobials

100%

100%

100%

–

 ICU admissions

3 (2.7)

3 (5.2)

4 (7.5)

–

Commonly used antimicrobials in last 6 months

 Beta-lactams

  Penicillin

4 (7.2)

8 (21)

3

–

  Cephalosporin

43

31

30

p = 0.02

  Cefuroxime

4

5

3

–

  Ceftriaxone

9

4

4

–

  Cefotaxime

7

2

5

–

  Cefixime

23

20

18

p = 0.02

  Meropenem

8

2

4

–

 Beta lactam/inhibitor

22

9

4

–

Quinolones

12

5

3

–

Macrolides

15

2

5

–

Urinary anti-septic

4

–

–

–

Glycopeptides

2

–

4

–

Current episode

Duration of illness prior to seek care (hours ± SD)

8 ± 4

12 ± 3

22 ± 6

p < 0.05

Mode of initial treatment consultation of

 GP—local medical practitioner

23

24

24

 Consultant pediatrician

45

11

21

p < 0.05

Empirical antimicrobial prescription rate (%)

100%

100%

100%

–

 UFR done (n)

34

24

26

–

 Urine culture done (n)

22

12

12

–

 Culture positive (n)

16

9

8

–

 Duration of treatment (hours ± SD)

18 ± 4 h

20 ± 3 h

25 ± 8 h

–

Inward care

 Period taken to inward care following GP care

20 ± 4.4 h

22 ± 4.6 h

28 ± 4 h

–

 Inward Urine culture done

100%

100%

100%

–

 Inward Urine culture positivity (%)

31.4%

36.8%

32.2%

–

Change of prescribed antimicrobials

 Escalation

80%

88%

92%

p = 0.02

 De-escalation

16%

6%

4%

–

 Not changed

4%

6%

4%

–

Out come

 Hospital stay (mean days ± SD)

3 ± 1

3.5 ± 0.5

4 ± 0.8

–

 Complications

  Septicemia

5

3

5

–

  Renal abscess

4

4

4

–

  Infective endocarditis

2

4

4

–

USS-abdomen

 Normal

90

50

44

p = 0.02

 Pyelonephritis

16

5

6

 Structural anomalies

  Scaring

2

2

3

–

Follow up detail in next 18-month period

 Frequency of UTI per year

1.5 ± 1

1 ± 1

2 ± 1

–

Compliance rate of antimicrobial use

 First day

100%

100%

100%

–

 Completion of dosage

60 ± 10%

50 ± 10%

52 ± 10%

–

Average cost for antimicrobials (LKR)

 1st episode

88 ± 12

112 ± 20

132 ± 54

–

 Total in last 24 months

1200 ± 300

1300 ± 280

1660 ± 290

–