Table 3 Subgroup analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the environment
Risk factors | Number of studies | Pooled estimates | Measure of heterogeneity | Publication bias | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | ESBL positive | I2 (95%CI) | Q Value | I2 | Q | Beg and Mazumdar rank P-value | ||||
Overall Environment | ||||||||||
E. coli | 5 | 1151 | 538 | 56.9% (31.6–79.0) | 24.885 | 83.926 | < 0,001 | 0.62421 | ||
K. pneumoniae | 5 | 1146 | 103 | 24.2% (8.2–53.4) | 37.460 | 89.322 | < 0,001 | 0.32719 | ||
Study year | ||||||||||
2011–2020 | ||||||||||
E. coli | 3 | 1124 | 530 | 75.6% (32.8–95.1) | 21.726 | 90.794 | < 0,001 | 0.60151 | ||
K. pneumoniae | 3 | 1123 | 91 | 11% (5.4–21.1) | 4.443 | 54.989 | < 0,001 | 0.11719 | ||
2021–2022 | ||||||||||
E. coli | 2 | 27 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
K. pneumoniae | 2 | 23 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Continent | ||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||
E. coli | 3 | 341 | 159 | 47.9% (30.2–66.1) | 3.868 | 48.292 | < 0,001 | 0.60151 | ||
K. pneumoniae | 3 | 163 | 60 | 28.8% (4.2–78.6) | 32.240 | 93.796 | < 0,001 | 0.60151 | ||