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Table 4 Factors associated with ESBL-producing GNB infections among COVID-19 patients admitted in KNH-IDU

From: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- producing gram-negative bacterial infections in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted in a national referral hospital, Kenya

Factors

ESBL producer

cOR(95%CI)

P-value

aOR(95%CI)

P-value

Yes n (%)

No n (%)

Age (years)

 ≤24

2 (6.1)

3 (18.8)

3.90 (0.49–30.76)

0.196

13.95 (0.74–23.11)

0.078

 25–44

9 (27.3)

3 (18.8)

0.87 (0.16–4.58)

0.866

2.02 (0.21–19.44)

0.542

 45–59

9 (27.3)

5 (31.3)

1.44 (0.32–6.49)

0.632

3.67 (0.40–33.96)

0.252

 ≥60

13 (39.4)

5 (31.3)

Ref.

 

Ref

 

Gender

 Male

23 (69.7)

3 (18.8)

9.97 (2.32–42.85)

0.002

3.38 (0.59–19.43)

0.172

 Female

10 (30.3)

13 (81.3)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Marital status

 Single

7 (21.2)

6 (37.5)

0.45 (0.12–1.67)

0.231

  

 Married

26 (78.8)

10 (62.5)

Ref

   

Presence of comorbidity

 Yes

30 (90.9)

8 (50.0)

10.0 (2.15–46.61)

0.003

9.86 (1.30–74.63)

0.027

 No

3 (9.1)

8 (50)

  

Ref.

 

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination status

 Yes

8 (24.2)

3 (18.8)

1.39 (0.31–6.13)

0.483

  

 No

25 (75.8)

13 (81.3)

Ref.

   

Hospitalization outcome

 Alive

27 (81.8)

11 (68.8)

2.05 (0.52–8.12)

0.466

  

 Died

6 (18.2)

5 (31.3)

Ref.

   

Length of hospital stay (Days)

 Short stay (0–5)

9 (27.3)

2 (12.5)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Medium stay (6–10)

17 (51.5)

8 (50)

0.26 (0.04–1.70)

0.159

0.39 (0.04–4.02)

0.425

 Long stay (> 10)

7 (21.2)

6 (37.5)

0.55 (0.14–2.18)

0.393

0.43 (0.06–2.96)

0.39

  1. Statistically significant associations are indicated in bold
  2. cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, ESBLs extended spectrum beta-lactamases, Ref Reference, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, CI confidence interval,