Table 1 Considered guidelines and their recommendations

Höffken et al., Pneumologie 2005

S3-guideline on ambulant acquired pneumonia and deep airway infections

LD therapy: IV ERY or oral fluoroquinolones (e.g. LVX 750 mg QD). MFX and LVX are equal and superior to CLA in cellular culture infection models.

Lung abscess treatment: Bronchoscopy should be performed (diagnostic and therapeutic). IV therapy should be chosen. Peroral switch when clinical or radiological improvements are noticed. Anaerobes are involved in 20–90% of cases and should be covered. Therapy should be continued until radiographic resolution.

Lim et al., Thorax 2009 (2015 - Annotated)

2015 - Annotated BTS Guideline for the management of CAP in adults (2009) Summary of recommendations

LD therapy: For low and moderate severity, an oral fluoroquinolone is recommended. In the unusual case when this is not possible due to patient intolerance, a macrolide is an alternative. For the management of high severity, a fluoroquinolone is recommended. For the first few days this can be combined with a macrolide (AZM is an option in countries where it is used for pneumonia) or rifampicin as an alternative. Clinicians should be alert to the potential small risk of cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities with quinolone-macrolide combinations.

Bartolf et al., Medicine 2016

Pneumonia

Not covered, reference to Lim et al.

Mikasa et al., J Infect Chemother 2016

JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy - The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG

LD therapy: In case of inpatients, the first choices: IV LVX 500 mg QD, IV CIP 300 mg BID of TID, IV PZFX 500-1,000 mg BID, IV AZM 500 mg QD. The second choice is IV ERY 500 mg TID plus RIF (oral) 450-600 mg QD. Outpatient treatment is oral with the same drugs.

Lung abscess treatment: In lung abscess, anaerobes are primarily involved.

Athlin et al., Infect Dis (Lond) 2018

Management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: updated Swedish guidelines 2017

LD therapy: Recommended regimens are: LVX 750 mg q.d. or MFX 400 mg q.d. or AZM 500 mg q.d.

Lung abscess treatment: anaerobic coverage is reccommended (e.g. b-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitor or MFX). Treatment duration should be at least 6–8 weeks.

Metlay et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019

Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Lung abscess treatment: Anaerobic coverage is suggested for patients diagnosed with lung abscess or empyema

Gauzit et al., Infect Dis Now 2021

Anti-infectious treatment duration: The SPILF and GPIP French guidelines and recommendations

Not covered, reference to Lim et al. and Metlay et al.