Table 2 Characteristics of cavity Legionnaires’ disease patients found by systematic review
Legionnaires’ Disease patients (n: 29) | |
|---|---|
Demographic | Gender, male: 19 (65%) Age, years: 48 (34–63) Active smoking: 3 (33%) |
Comorbidities: 11 (38%) | Connective tissue diseases: 4 (36%) Solid organ transplantation: 2 (18%) Inflammatory bowel diseases: 2 (18%) Diabetes: 1 (9%) Asthma: 1 (9%) COPD: 0 (0%) |
Malignancy: 13 (45%) | Hematologic malignancies: 8 (61%) Solid cancers: 5 (38%) |
Immunosuppressive treatment: 20 (69%) | Steroid: 17 (85%) Chemotherapy: 9 (45%) Single immunomodulators*: 8 (40%) |
Blood tests | Leukocytosis: 11 (52%) Leukocytopenia: 5 (24%) Hyponatremia: 6 (30%) |
Diagnostic | Positive respiratory sample culture: 25 (86%) Positive Legionella urinary antigen test: 13 (52%) Positive molecular tests: 8 (15%) |
Legionella species | Serotype 1 Legionella pneumophila: 15 (52%) Non-Serotype 1 Legionella pneumophila: 3 (10%) |
Co-infection: 11 (44%) | Aerobic bacteria 5 (45%) Anaerobic bacteria 4 (36%) Aspergillus: 2 (18%) |
Antimicrobial regimens | Upfront combination therapy after diagnosis: 15 (52%) Length of treatment: 42 (21–59) Absence of any anaerobic coverage: 8 (33%) |
Antimicrobial regimens | Treatment comprising a fluoroquinolone: 22 (76%) Treatment comprising a macrolide: 21 (72%) Treatment comprising rifampicin: 9 (31%) |
Delay in effective antibacterial treatment | > 5 days: 15 (56%) > 10 days: 10 (37%) Post-mortem diagnosis: 1 (3%) |
Additional therapy | Chest tube drainage: 16 (59%) Thoracic surgery: 6 (22%) |
Disease severity | Intensive care unit admission: 10 (43%) All-cause mortality: 6 (21%) |