Table 1 The primers used for the PCR reactions in this study

Phylogenetic group assignment^a

 chuA

Quadruplex reaction

chuA.1b

5′—ATGGTACCGGACGAACCAAC-3′

288

chuA.2

5′—TGCCGCCAGTACCAAAGACA-3

 yjaA

yjaA.1b

5′—CAAACGTGAAGTGTCAGGAG-3′

211

yjaA.2b

5′—AATGCGTTCCTCAACCTGTG-3

 TspE4.C

TspE4C2.1b

5′—CACTATTCGTAAGGTCATCC-3′

152

TspE4C2.2b

5′—AGTTTATCGCTGCGGGTCGC-3′

 arpA

AceK.f

5′—AACGCTATTCGCCAGCTTGC-3′

400

ArpA1.r

5′—TCTCCCCATACCGTACGCTA-3′

 arpA

Group E

ArpAgpE.f

5′—GATTCCATCTTGTCAAAATATGCC-3′

301

ArpAgpE.r

5′—GAAAAGAAAAAGAATTCCCAAGAG-3′

 trpA

Group C

trpAgpC.1

5′—AGTTTTATGCCCAGTGCGAG-3′

219

trpAgpC.2

5′—TCTGCGCCGGTCACGCCC-3

 trpA

Internal control gene in group E and C reactions

trpBA.f

5′—CGGCGATAAAGACATCTTCAC-3′

489

trpBA.r

5′—GCAACGCGGCCTGGCGGAAG-3′

Detection of ESBL genes

 bla_SHV

bla-SHV.SE

5ʹ—ATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGTG-3′

747

bla-SHV.AS

5ʹ—TGCTTTGTTATTCGGGCCAA-3′

 bla_TEM

TEM-164.SE

5ʹ—TCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGA-3′

445

TEM-164.AS

5ʹ—ACGCTCACCGGCTCCAGATTTAT-3′

 bla_CTX-M

CTX-M-U1

5ʹ—ATGTGCAGYACCAGTAARGTKATGGC-3′

593

CTX-M-U2

5′—TGGGTRAARTARGTSACCAGAAYCAGCGG-3ʹ