Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with patient demographic and clinical characteristics with surgical site infection culture showed growth

Sex

 Male

309 (41.1)

109 (14.5)

0.81 (0.6293– 1.112)

.94 (0.6420–1.373)

 Female

233 (31)

101 (13.4)

1

Age in (year)

 ≤ 18

119 (15.8)

40 (5.3)

1.15 (0.937–1.421)

1.263 (0.7855–0.031)

 19–40

287 (38.2)

132 (17.6)

1

 41–60

98 (13)

32 (4.3)

1.260 (0.7489–2.122)

 ≥ 61

38 (5.1)

6 (0.8)

2.83 (1.017–7.898)

SSI

 Superficial

183 (24.3)

82 (10.9)

1.271 (0.918–1.762)

1

 Deep

359 (47.7)

128 (17)

0.992 (0.6783–1.451)

Preoperative hospital stay

 ≤ 7

145 (19.3)

124 (16.5)

3.908 (2.807–5.442)

1

 > 7

397 (52.8)

86 (11.4)

4.15 (2.87–6.01)

Previous use of antibiotics

 Yes

326 (43.3)

72 (9.6)

2.83 (1.06–2.80)

 No

216 (28.7)

138 (18.4)

2.641 (1.897–3.673)

1

Alcoholic history

 Yes

54 (7.2)

13 (1.7)

1.711 (0.915–3.201)

 No

488 (64.9)

197 (26.2)

Smoking history

 Yes

359 (47.7)

89 (11.8)

2.35 (1.44–3.83)

 No

186 (24.7)

118 (15.7)

2.646 (1.915–3.656)

1

Nature of surgery

 Elective

147 (19.5)

99 (13.2)

2.395 (1.726–3.323)

1

 Emergency

395 (52.5)

111 (5.5)

3.24 (2.298–4.77)

Type of surgery

 Clean/Clean contaminated surgery

518 (68.9)

206 (27.4)

1.578 (0.925–2.691)

 Contaminated surgery

24 (3.2)

4 (0.5)

Timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis

 Before the operation

150 (19.9)

58 (7.7)

0.996 (0.698–1.421)

 During the operation

392 (52.1)

152 (20.2)

Duration of operation

 ≤ 1 h

198 (27.7)

138 (17)

1

 > 1 h

344 (45.7)

72 (9.6)

0.332 (0.239–0.461)

0.266 (0.181–0.392)